The fiber extracted from the stems of hemp fiber varieties is composed of long liber fibers (2 to 25 mm) and shorter fibers. The outer layer of the stem contains higher quality fibers. The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is what sets hemp apart from marijuana, as hemp has a THC level that does not exceed 0.3% by dry weight. Hemp and hurda liber fiber cement and mortar have better insulation and noise-absorbing properties due to the higher porosity of the material. Given the diversity of hemp crops and their uses, it is essential that hemp production meets the expectations of the harvester and the related market.
Instead, the cultivation of hemp for cannabinoids has focused on cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). Hemp seeds can also be ground into flour and then processed to extract proteins, fats, or other components. Hemp fibers are short but strong, flexible and low in density; they are used in fiberboard, compost and animal bedding. Hemp fibers can also be more environmentally friendly and cheaper, since they replace up to 30% of the plastic in composite materials. Seeds generally contain 27% protein, 28% fat and 37% fiber; however, these values may vary depending on the variety of hemp.
Industrial hemp biomass, which is a combination of stems and leaves, is also useful as a crop for biofuels and has yields comparable to those of other lignocellulosic and non-food crops used to produce biofuels such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Hemp seeds are a source of protein, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and essential minerals such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and zinc) (Leizer et al. HEMP products must be properly labeled with explicit third-party chemical analysis to declare the content of cannabinoids, as well as other additives or adulterants. Archaeological sites in Scandinavia have revealed ropes, sails and fine clothing made from hemp and linen fiber. Hemp fibers in composite materials can provide greater mechanical strength, durability, flexibility, heat resistance and corrosion resistance compared to synthetic fiber composites (Khoathane et al.
Industrial hemp is an emerging crop with numerous uses for its products such as fiber, seeds and cannabinoids. Hemp has been used in textiles and fabrics since the early Middle Ages due to its natural fiber properties. The benefits and negative effects of CBD and other hemp products have not yet been determined and may vary depending on the products available on the market (Hazekamp 201).
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